Welcome to Virtual ChemLab: Titrations, a realistic and sophisticated simulation of quantitative acid-base and potentiometric titration experiments. In this virtual laboratory, students are free to choose equipment, select reagents, perform titrations, and make the choices and decisions that they would confront in an actual quantitative experiment and, in turn, experience the resulting consequences. As in all of the virtual laboratories, the main focus of the titration laboratory is to allow students the ability to explore and discover, in a safe and level-appropriate setting, the concepts and ideas that are important in the study of acid-base and electrochemistry and the procedures and techniques that form the foundation of titrimetric methods.

The virtual titration laboratory allows students to perform precise, quantitative titrations involving acid-base and electrochemical reactions. The available laboratory equipment consists of a 50 mL buret, 5, 10, and 25 mL pipets, graduated cylinders, beakers, a stir plate, a set of 8 acid-base indicators, a pH meter/voltmeter, a conductivity meter, and an analytical balance for weighing out solids. Acid-base titrations can be performed on any combination of mono-, di-, and tri-protic acids and mono-, di-, and tri-basic bases. The pH of these titrations can be monitored using a pH meter, an indicator, and a conductivity meter as a function of volume, and this data can be saved to an electronic lab book for later analysis. A smaller set of potentiometric titrations can also be performed. Systematic and random errors in the mass and volume measurements have been included in the simulation by introducing buoyancy errors in the mass weighings, volumetric errors in the glassware, and characteristic systematic and random errors in the pH/voltmeter and conductivity meter output. These errors can be ignored, which will produce results and errors typically found in high school or freshman-level laboratory work, or the buoyancy and volumetric errors can be measured and included in the calculations to produce results better than 0.1% in accuracy and reproducibility.